Tag Archives: Debian Stretch

Introduction

A Virtual Private Network establishes a secure encrypted connection between your system and a server. It allows you to connect to an untrusted network and tunnel all your network traffic so that it emerges from the VPN server to its destination. In this howto, we will configure the OpenVPN client to connect to the VPN servers hosted by Private Internet Access.

I’ve chosen to use Private Internet Access only because I already have an account with them and they support the OpenVPN client to connect to their VPN servers. I’m sure other VPN service providers would work the same way.

Although I initially tested this on Raspbian Stretch on a Raspberry Pi, I have since used the same steps on Debian Stretch and achieved the same results.

Installing all the prerequisites

To accomplish this task we are going to need to install openvpn, unzip, wget, curl and openresolv. We can do this by using the following command:


apt -y install openvpn unzip wget curl openresolv

Setting up the directory structure

Just to keep things organized we will create a set of directories. This will help if we ever need to alter the configuration by only requiring the change of a couple of linked files. First we need to switch to “/etc/openvpn/client directory”.

cd /etc/openvpn/client

Once there we create several directories by issuing the following commands:

mkdir certs-available
mkdir confs-available
mkdir login-available
mkdir certs-enabled
mkdir login-enabled
mkdir vpn-bundles

Setting up all the configurations

Private Internet Access (as well as other VPN providers) provide configuration bundles for the OpenVPN default client. We are going to download those configurations, alter them a bit and use them to connect to the PIA VPN server as soon as our system finishes booting up.

Switch to the directory we created to store the configuration bundle by issuing the following command:

cd /etc/openvpn/client/vpn-bundles

Once in /etc/openvpn/client/vpn-bundles we can proceed to download the configuration bundle with wget by issuing the following:

wget https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/openvpn/openvpn.zip

Now that we have the zipped file with all the configurations we need to unzip it by using the following command:

unzip openvpn.zip -d "$(date +"%d-%m-%Y")"-PIA-openvpn

This command will unzip the openvpn.zip file into a directory whose name starts with the date followed by “-PIA-openvpn”. We are doing this so that in the future if there is a need to download a new set of configurations we can easily tell which directory contains the newly downloaded ones.

Once the file is unzipped we can start moving the configurations to the directories we previously created.

cd "$(date +"%d-%m-%Y")"-PIA-openvpn
mkdir /etc/openvpn/client/certs-available/PIA
cp *.crt /etc/openvpn/client/certs-available/PIA/
cp *.pem /etc/openvpn/client/certs-available/PIA/
mkdir /etc/openvpn/client/confs-available/PIA
cp *.ovpn /etc/openvpn/client/confs-available/PIA/

Because we want the OpenVPN client to start without user interaction, we need to add a couple of settings to all VPN configuration files we just downloaded. Change to the directory where we stored them by issuing the following command:

cd /etc/openvpn/client/confs-available/PIA

We need to alter all the configuration files so that they can get the user name and password from a file named “login” located at “/etc/openvpn/client/login-enabled/”. This can be accomplished by issuing the following command:

sed -i 's/auth-user-pass/auth-user-pass \/etc\/openvpn\/client\/login-enabled\/login/g' *.ovpn

We also need to add the following settings to all the configuration files. These settings deal with changing the DNS servers in order to prevent DNS leaks when the VPN is up.

script-security 2
up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down-pre

Going into each file to add the aforementioned settings would be too tedious, it is better to use a small script that goes into each file and adds the settings. The script is simple, just create a file named add_vpn_settings.sh with the following content:

#/bin/bash
cd /etc/openvpn/client/confs-available/PIA
for file in *
 do 
     echo "script-security 2" >> "$file"
     echo "up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf" >> "$file"
     echo "down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf" >> "$file"
     echo "down-pre" >> "$file"
 done

Next step is to make executable by issuing the following:

chmod +x add_vpn_settings.sh

And finally we run the add_vpn_settings.sh script by issuing:

./add_vpn_settings.sh

Now we need to backup the original update-resolv-conf file, this is because we are going to use a replacement that is better able to update the DNS servers in /etc/resolv.conf when they are pushed in by the VPN server. We can do this be issuing the following commands:

cd /etc/openvpn
mv update-resolv-conf update-resolv-conf-ORIG

If we ever need to return to the default script we just rename “update-resolv-conf-ORIG” back to “update-resolv-conf “.

Next we need to download the replacement update-resolv-conf file from https://github.com/masterkorp/openvpn-update-resolv-conf. We can issue the following commands to accomplish this:

cd /etc/openvpn
wget https://github.com/masterkorp/openvpn-update-resolv-conf/raw/master/update-resolv-conf.sh

Now we rename it and make it executable:

mv update-resolv-conf.sh update-resolv-conf
chown root:root update-resolv-conf
chmod 555 update-resolv-conf

Next we need to create a the file that contains the actual username and password for the PIA VPN server. Issuing the following three commands should do the job:

cd /etc/openvpn/client/login-available
echo "YOUR_PIA_USERNAME" > PIA-Login
echo "YOUR_PIA_PASSWORD" >> PIA-Login

Now we create a link from /etc/openvpn/client/login-available to /etc/openvpn/client/login-enabled/login by issuing the following:

ln -s /etc/openvpn/client/login-available/PIA-Login /etc/openvpn/client/login-enabled/login

Finally we link one of the configurations available to be the default one (I’ve used the UK London configuration as an example below, you can use whichever configuration you desire).

ln -s /etc/openvpn/client/confs-available/PIA/UK\ London.ovpn /etc/openvpn/default.conf

After a reboot, the openvpn client should be up and everything should be flowing through the vpn tunnel.

How-tos, Linux

Building a Root CA and an Intermediate CA using OpenSSL and Debian Stretch

December 27, 2017 d h

A bit of background

A Root Certificate Authority is used to issue digital certificates to servers, clients or users. It generates digital certificates that certify the ownership of a public key, allowing others to trust the certificate.

An Intermediate Certificate is a subordinate certificate issued by a Root certificate authority for the purpose of issuing certificates. This creates a certificate chain that begins in the Root CA, through the intermediate and ending in the issued certificate. This establishes a chain of trust that can verify the validity of a certificate.

In this post, we will step through the process of creating a Root CA, then an Intermediate CA and finally sign digital certificates for a server. A bit of warning, this setup should be sufficient for a homelab or a small local setup; you should not use this as a production service.

Prepare to build

Install Debian Stretch, the minimum should suffice. There is no need any GUI. Install SSH for ease of administration and to transfer you certificates securely out.

Make sure that the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the computer is set correctly.

Make sure your time zone is correctly set.

Make sure the time and date are correctly set.

If you wish you can install ntp to ensure time is always correct.

# apt install ntp

Download the following configuration files:

openssl_root.cnf

openssl_intermediate.cnf

openssl_csr_san.cnf

After download rename all of them by dropping the “.txt” extension.

Creating the Root CA

Create the directory structure for the Root CA:

# mkdir /root/ca
# cd /root/ca
# mkdir newcerts certs crl private requests

While at /root/ca we should also create “index.txt” file for OpenSSL to keep track of all signed certificates and the “serial” file to give the start point for each signed certificate’s serial number. This can be accomplished by doing the following:

# cd /root/ca
# touch index.txt
# touch index.txt.attr
# echo '1000' > serial

Copy openssl_root.cnf to /root/ca, edit it and look for the following entries:

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key = $dir/private/ca.DOMAINNAME.key.pem
certificate = $dir/certs/ca.DOMAINNAME.cert.pem

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber
crl = $dir/crl/ca.DOMAINNAME.crl.pem
crl_extensions = crl_ext
default_crl_days = 30

Change DOMAINNAME to something that matches the domain of your network, this isn’t strictly necessary but it makes for a more customized naming convention.

Generate the Root private key

(change DOMAINNAME to match what you used in the openssl_root.cnf):

# cd /root/ca
# openssl genrsa -aes256 -out private/ca.DOMAINNAME.key.pem 4096

Signing the Root Certificate

Use the root private key to sign the root certificate.
(change DOMAINNAME to match what you used in the openssl_root.cnf):

# openssl req -config openssl_root.cnf -new -x509 -sha512 -extensions v3_ca -key /root/ca/private/ca.DOMAINNAME.key.pem -out /root/ca/certs/ca.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem -days 3650 -set_serial 0

Ensure that when filling out the “Common Name” variable that you use the CA server + Domain name of the network

Creating an Intermediate Certificate Authority

Create a directory to separate the intermediary files from our root configuration

# mkdir /root/ca/intermediate

Also all the directories and files needed to support (similar to the ones we created for the Root CA):

# cd /root/ca/intermediate
# mkdir certs newcerts crl csr private
# touch index.txt
# touch index.txt.attr
# echo 1000 > /root/ca/intermediate/crlnumber
# echo '1234' > serial

Copy openssl_intermediate.cnf to /root/ca/intermediate, edit it and look for the following entries:

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key = $dir/private/int.DOMAINNAME.key.pem
certificate = $dir/certs/int.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber
crl = $dir/crl/int.DOMAINNAME.crl.pem
crl_extensions = crl_ext
default_crl_days = 30

Change DOMAINNAME to the same thing that you used in openssl_root.cnf

Creating the private key and certificate signing request for the Intermediate CA

(change DOMAINNAME to the value you’ve been using so far)

# cd /root/ca
# openssl req -config /root/ca/intermediate/openssl_intermediate.cnf -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout /root/ca/intermediate/private/int.DOMAINNAME.key.pem -out /root/ca/intermediate/csr/int.DOMAINNAME.csr

Creating the intermediate certificate

(change DOMAINNAME to the value you’ve been using so far)

# openssl ca -config /root/ca/openssl_root.cnf -extensions v3_intermediate_ca -days 3650 -notext -md sha512 -in /root/ca/intermediate/csr/int.DOMAINNAME.csr -out /root/ca/intermediate/certs/int.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem

** Notice that the root CA configurtion (openssl_root.cnf) is used.

Creating the certificate chain

# cd /root/ca
# cat intermediate/certs/int.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem certs/ca.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem > intermediate/certs/chain.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem

What are all these files for?

So now that you have created all these files, which ones are the ones you need?

In /root/ca/certs, ca.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem is the Root CA certificate.
In /root/ca/intermediate/certs, int.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem is the Intermediate CA certificate.
In /root/ca/intermediate/certs, chain.DOMAINNAME.crt.pem is the concatenation of the Root CA certificate and the Intermediate CA certificate.

Creating server certificates

Copy openssl_csr_san.cnf to /root/ca/intermediate, edit it and change the entries under [alt_names] so that the DNS.* entries match the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the server you wish to create a certificate for. This will create a certificate with embedded Subject Alternative Name (SANs), so no more warnings from Chrome about NET::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID.

Creating the key and certificate signing request

(change “www.example.com” to your server’s FQDN)

# cd /root/ca
# openssl req -out intermediate/csr/www.example.com.csr.pem -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout intermediate/private/www.example.com.key.pem -config intermediate/openssl_csr_san.cnf

Creating the certificate by signing the signing request with the intermediate CA

(change “www.example.com” to your server’s FQDN)

# cd /root/ca
# openssl ca -config intermediate/openssl_intermediate.cnf -extensions server_cert -days 3750 -notext -md sha512 -in intermediate/csr/www.example.com.csr.pem -out intermediate/certs/www.example.com.crt.pem

In /root/ca/intermediate/certs you should now have a certificate for use in the server (www.example.com in the case of the example).

Creating a combined certificate for use with Apache server

(change “www.example.com” to your server’s FQDN)

# openssl pkcs12 -inkey www.example.com.key.pem -in www.example.com.crt.pem -export -out www.example.com.combined.pfx
# openssl pkcs12 -in www.example.com.combined.pfx -nodes -out www.example.com.combined.crt

How-tos, Linux

Installing Guacamole 0.9.13 from source on Debian Stretch and Tomcat 8

December 12, 2017 d h

Install build tools:

# apt install build-essential maven checkinstall

Install JDK, database and application server:

# apt install openjdk-8-jdk mariadb-server \
mariadb-client mariadb-common tomcat8

Secure your mysql/mariadb installation:

# mysql_secure_installation

Take note of the mysql root password you just created.

Install Guacamole build dependencies:

# apt install libcairo2-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev \
libpng-dev libossp-uuid-dev libavcodec-dev \
libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libfreerdp-dev \
libpango1.0-dev libssh2-1-dev libtelnet-dev \
libvncserver-dev libpulse-dev libssl-dev \
libvorbis-dev libwebp-dev ghostscript freerdp

Untar the sources:

$ tar -xvzf guacamole-client-0.9.13-incubating.tar.gz
$ tar -xvzf guacamole-server-0.9.13-incubating.tar.gz

Untar the database related parts:

$ tar -xvzf guacamole-auth-jdbc-0.9.13-incubating.tar.gz
$ tar -xvzf mysql-connector-java-5.1.45.tar.gz

Build Guacamole Server

$ cd guacamole-server-0.9.13-incubating
$ ./configure --with-init-dir=/etc/init.d
$ make -j2
$ sudo make install

– or –

$ sudo checkinstall --pkgname=guacamole-guacd -D make install

If using checkinstall should get an output similar to this:

####################################################

*****************************************
**** Debian package creation selected ***
*****************************************

This package will be built according to these values:

0 – Maintainer: [ root@vm ]
1 – Summary: [ Guacamole Guacd ]
2 – Name: [ guacamole-guacd ]
3 – Version: [ incubating ]
4 – Release: [ 1 ]
5 – License: [ GPL ]
6 – Group: [ checkinstall ]
7 – Architecture: [ amd64 ]
8 – Source location: [ guacamole-server-0.9.13-incubating ]
9 – Alternate source location: [ ]
10 – Requires: [ ]
11 – Provides: [ guacamole-guacd ]
12 – Conflicts: [ ]
13 – Replaces: [ ]

Enter a number to change any of them or press ENTER to continue:

####################################################

Enter the number [3] to change the Version from “incubating” to 0.9.13

You should end up with something like this:

####################################################

This package will be built according to these values:

0 – Maintainer: [ root@vm ]
1 – Summary: [ Guacamole Guacd ]
2 – Name: [ guacamole-guacd ]
3 – Version: [ 0.9.13 ]
4 – Release: [ 1 ]
5 – License: [ GPL ]
6 – Group: [ checkinstall ]
7 – Architecture: [ amd64 ]
8 – Source location: [ guacamole-server-0.9.13-incubating ]
9 – Alternate source location: [ ]
10 – Requires: [ ]
11 – Provides: [ guacamole-guacd ]
12 – Conflicts: [ ]
13 – Replaces: [ ]

Enter a number to change any of them or press ENTER to continue:

####################################################

Press [Enter] to continue and wait for checkinstall to install and build a package

If you ever need to remove the guacamole and you used checkinstall you can do it with:

# dpkg -r guacamole-guacd

Link all the freerdp libraries to the system freerdp library location:

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/freerdp/* /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/freerdp/.

Run ldconfig:

# ldconfig -v

Build Guacamole Client:

$ cd ..
$ cd guacamole-client-0.9.13-incubating
$ mvn package

Create the directories to hold extensions and libraries:

# mkdir /etc/guacamole
# mkdir /etc/guacamole/lib
# mkdir /etc/guacamole/extensions
# mkdir /var/lib/guacamole

Deploying the Guacamole:

$ sudo cp guacamole/target/guacamole-0.9.13-incubating.war /var/lib/guacamole/
$ sudo ln -s /var/lib/guacamole/guacamole-0.9.13-incubating.war /var/lib/tomcat8/webapps/guacamole.war

Creating the properties file:

In /etc/guacamole create a file called guacamole.properties with the following content:

####################################################
# Hostname and port of guacamole proxy
guacd-hostname: localhost
guacd-port: 4822

guacamole.home: /etc/guacamole

#MySQL Properties
mysql-hostname: localhost
mysql-port: 3306
mysql-database: guacamole_db
mysql-username: [Guacamole_DB_USERNAME]
mysql-password: [Guacamole_DB PASSWORD]
####################################################

Make sure you take note of the [Guacamole_DB_USERNAME] and [Guacamole_DB PASSWORD] you decide to put in this file. They will be used later on to set up the database.

Link /etc/guacamole to tomcat home directory:

$ sudo ln -s /etc/guacamole /var/lib/tomcat8/.guacamole

Deploy database authentication:

$ cd ..
$ cd guacamole-auth-jdbc-0.9.13-incubating
$ sudo cp mysql/guacamole-auth-jdbc-mysql-0.9.13-incubating.jar /etc/guacamole/extensions/
$ cd ..
$ cd mysql-connector-java-5.1.45
$ sudo cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.45-bin.jar /etc/guacamole/lib/

Create the database:

# mysql -u root -p[MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD]
create database guacamole_db;
create user '[Guacamole_DB_USERNAME]'@'localhost' identified by '[Guacamole_DB PASSWORD]';
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE ON guacamole_db.* TO '[Guacamole_DB_USERNAME]'@'localhost';
flush privileges;
quit

Populate the database:

# cat guacamole-auth-jdbc-0.9.13-incubating/mysql/schema/*.sql | mysql -u root -p[MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD] guacamole_db

Ensure that guacd is enabled:

# systemctl enable guacd

and finally reboot…

If you ever need to backup the database:

# mysqldump -u root -p --add-drop-table guacamole_db > guacamole_db.sql

To restore the backup:

# mysql -u root -p guacamole_db < guacamole_db.sql

To further lockdown the installation

Fix permisions of guacamole.properties so only tomcat can read it by issuing the following:

# cd /etc/guacamole
# chown root:tomcat8
# chmod 640 guacamole.properties

How-tos, Linux

Installing xrdp 9.4 and xorgxrdp 2.4 on Debian Stretch

November 8, 2017 d h

This is similar to the other two previous xrdp and xorgxrdp how-tos, just needed to adjust for newer versions.

This how-to is based on the install instructions from XRDP’s github pages for installing on Debian 8.

Install xrdp’s dependencies:

$ sudo apt-get install git autoconf libtool pkg-config gcc g++ make libssl-dev libpam0g-dev libjpeg-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libxrandr-dev flex bison libxml2-dev intltool xsltproc xutils-dev python-libxml2 g++ xutils libfuse-dev libmp3lame-dev nasm libpixman-1-dev xserver-xorg-dev

Get the xrdp and xorgxrdp sources:

$ mkdir -p GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ wget https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/download/v0.9.4/xrdp-0.9.4.tar.gz $ wget https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xorgxrdp/releases/download/v0.2.4/xorgxrdp-0.2.4.tar.gz

Building and installing xrdp:

$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ tar xvfz xrdp-0.9.4.tar.gz $ cd xrdp-0.9.4 $ ./bootstrap $ ./configure --enable-fuse --enable-mp3lame --enable-pixman --enable-sound $ make -j2 $ sudo make install $ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/xrdp{,-sesman} /usr/sbin

Building and installing xorgxrdp:

$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ tar xvfz xorgxrdp-0.2.4.tar.gz $ cd xorgxrdp-0.2.4 $ ./bootstrap $ ./configure $ make -j2 $ sudo make install

Generate keys:

$ sudo xrdp-keygen xrdp auto 2048

Building the pulseaudio modules:

$ cd ~
$ mkdir -p Release-sources/pulseaudio
$ cd Release-sources/pulseaudio
$ sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev
$ sudo apt-get source pulseaudio
$ sudo apt-get build-dep pulseaudio

Change the permisions on the pulseaudio directory to your user:

$ sudo chown -R [USER]:[GROUP] pulseaudio-10.0 $ cd pulseaudio-10.0 $ ./configure

In change directory to “~/GIT-sources/neutrinolabs/xrdp-0.9.3/sesman/chansrv/pulse”

$ cd ~
$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs/xrdp-0.9.4/sesman/chansrv/pulse

Edit the Makefile with your favorite editor and point it to the sources for pulseaudio by changing:

PULSE_DIR = /tmp/pulseaudio-10.0

to:

PULSE_DIR = ../../../../../../Release-sources/pulseaudio/pulseaudio-10.0

then:

$ make -j2

If the build is successful , copy the 2 modules to /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules.

$ sudo cp module-xrdp*.so /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules

Check the /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules directory:

$ ls -al /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules

If necessary, fix the ownership and permissions on the two modules:

$ cd /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules
$ sudo chown root:root module-xrdp-s*.so
$ sudo chmod 644 module-xrdp-s*.so

The modules are named module-xrdp-sink.so and module-xrdp-source.so

Enable the services:

$ sudo systemctl enable xrdp.service $ sudo systemctl enable xrdp-sesman.service

Fixes for possible issues:

To run it as terminal server (also useful for Guacamole) add allowed_users=anybody to /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config to allow anybody to start X

To fix the thinclient_drives share error when connected via RDP to the client:

$ sudo umount thinclient_drives

logout and re-login via rdp

How-tos, Linux

Installing xrdp 9.3.1 and xorgxrdp 2.4 on Debian Stretch

October 14, 2017 d h 2 Comments

This is similar to the previous xrdp and xorgxrdp how-to, it is just adjusting to the newer versions of all the pieces of software.

This how-to is based on the install instructions from XRDP’s github pages for installing on Debian 8.

Install xrdp’s dependencies:

Get the xrdp and xorgxrdp sources:

$ mkdir -p GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ wget https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/download/v0.9.3.1/xrdp-0.9.3.1.tar.gz $ wget https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xorgxrdp/releases/download/v0.2.4/xorgxrdp-0.2.4.tar.gz

Building and installing xrdp:

$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ tar xvfz xrdp-0.9.3.1.tar.gz $ cd xrdp-0.9.3.1 $ ./bootstrap $ ./configure --enable-fuse --enable-mp3lame --enable-pixman --enable-sound $ make -j2 $ sudo make install $ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/xrdp{,-sesman} /usr/sbin

Building and installing xorgxrdp:

$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ tar xvfz xorgxrdp-0.2.4.tar.gz $ cd xorgxrdp-0.2.4 $ ./bootstrap $ ./configure $ make -j2 $ sudo make install

Generate keys:

$ sudo xrdp-keygen xrdp auto 2048

Building the pulseaudio modules:

$ cd ~
$ mkdir -p Release-sources/pulseaudio
$ cd Release-sources/pulseaudio
$ sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev
$ sudo apt-get source pulseaudio
$ sudo apt-get build-dep pulseaudio

Change the permisions on the pulseaudio directory to your user:

$ sudo chown -R [USER]:[GROUP] pulseaudio-10.0 $ cd pulseaudio-10.0 $ ./configure

In change directory to “~/GIT-sources/neutrinolabs/xrdp-0.9.3/sesman/chansrv/pulse”

$ cd ~
$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs/xrdp-0.9.3.1/sesman/chansrv/pulse

Edit the Makefile with your favorite editor and point it to the sources for pulseaudio by changing:

PULSE_DIR = /tmp/pulseaudio-10.0

to:

PULSE_DIR = ../../../../../../Release-sources/pulseaudio/pulseaudio-10.0

then:

$ make -j2

If the build is successful , copy the 2 modules to /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules.

$ sudo cp module-xrdp*.so /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules

Check the /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules directory:

$ ls -al /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules

If necessary, fix the ownership and permissions on the two modules:

$ cd /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules
$ sudo chown root:root module-xrdp-s*.so
$ sudo chmod 644 module-xrdp-s*.so

The modules are named module-xrdp-sink.so and module-xrdp-source.so

Enable the services:

$ sudo systemctl enable xrdp.service $ sudo systemctl enable xrdp-sesman.service

Fixes for possible issues:

To run it as terminal server (also useful for Guacamole) add allowed_users=anybody to /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config to allow anybody to start X

To fix the thinclient_drives share error when connected via RDP to the client:

$ sudo umount thinclient_drives

logout and re-login via rdp

How-tos, Linux

Pydio 8 with PHP 7 and SSL on Debian Stretch

October 4, 2017 d h

Installing all dependencies:

# apt install mysql-server php7.0 php7.0-fpm php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-json php7.0-gd php7.0-intl php7.0-mbstring php7.0-xml php7.0-zip php7.0-exif php7.0-apcu
apt install libapache2-mod-php

Ensure that apache support for PHP7 is enabled:

# a2enmod php7.0

Installing Pydio:

Download the installation archive. Choose the Pydio Community Tar.gz archive.

Untar the archive into /var/www/html:

# cd /var/www/html
# tar -xvzf pydio-core-8.0.1.tar.gz

Fix permisions on folders:

# chown -R root:root pydio-core-8.0.1
# chown -R www-data:www-data pydio-core-8.0.1/data/

Create a symlink to the Pydio installation:

# ln -s pydio-core-8.0.1 pydio

In /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini change:

output_buffering = 4096

to:

output_buffering = off

Creating self-signed certificates for Pydio:

# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 1460 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/pydio-selfsigned.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/pydio-selfsigned.crt
# openssl x509 -in /etc/ssl/certs/pydio-selfsigned.crt -out /etc/ssl/certs/pydio-selfsigned.pem -outform PEM

Configuring Apache for SSL:

Enable ssl on apache:

# a2enmod ssl

In the /etc/apalche2/sites-enabled directory:

# rm 000-default.conf
# ln -s ../sites-available/default-ssl.conf default-ssl.conf

In default-ssl.conf change the follwing line from:

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

To:

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/pydio-selfsigned.pem

Also change the following line from:

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

To:

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/pydio-selfsigned.key

Configuring Apache for Pydio:

Create a configuration file on /etc/apache2/conf-available:

# cd /etc/apache2/conf-available
# vi pydio.conf

In pydio.conf add the following:

Directory /var/www/html/pydio>
Options Indexes FollowSymlinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>

Once finished creating /etc/apache2/conf-available/pydio.conf create a symlink to it in /etc/apache2/conf-enabled:

# cd /etc/apache2/conf-enabled
# ln -s ../conf-available/pydio.conf pydio.conf

Restart Apache:

# systemctl restart apache2

Configuring MySQL/MariaDB:

Setup a password for Mysql/Mariadb (follow the prompts):

# mysql_secure_installation

Creating the database and user for Pydio

Create the pydio database:

# mysql -u root -p
create database pydio;

Create a database user for Pydio to use and grant it all access to the pydio database:

create user 'webuser'@'localhost' identified by 'USE A REALLY LONG AND STRONG PASSWORD';
GRANT ALL on pydio.* to 'webuser'@'localhost' identified by 'USE A REALLY LONG AND STRONG PASSWORD';

Final configuration:

To finish configuration, using a browser visit https://[URL of Server]/pydio and follow the prompts. Keep in mind the names you used in the steps above for the Pydio database and the Pydio database user, you will need them for configuration.

How-tos, Linux, Tools

Building FreeCAD on Debian Stretch

August 29, 2017 d h

This Howto is based on the instructions from FreeCad’s web site

Get the source from github with:

$ git clone https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD.git free-cad-code

Install all dependencies:

# apt install build-essential cmake python python-matplotlib libtool libcoin80-dev
# apt install libsoqt4-dev libxerces-c-dev libboost-dev libboost-filesystem-dev
# apt install libboost-regex-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-signals-dev
# apt install libboost-thread-dev libboost-python-dev libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl-dev
# apt install qt4-dev-tools python-dev python-pyside pyside-tools libeigen3-dev
# apt install libqtwebkit-dev libshiboken-dev libpyside-dev libode-dev swig
# apt install libzipios++-dev libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev liboce-foundation-dev
# apt install liboce-modeling-dev liboce-ocaf-dev liboce-visualization-dev liboce-ocaf-lite-dev
# apt install libsimage-dev checkinstall python-pivy python-qt4 doxygen libspnav-dev oce-draw
# apt install liboce-foundation-dev liboce-foundation10 liboce-modeling-dev liboce-modeling10
# apt install liboce-ocaf-dev liboce-ocaf-lite-dev liboce-ocaf-lite10 liboce-ocaf10 liboce-visualization-dev
# apt install liboce-visualization10 libmedc-dev libvtk6-dev libproj-dev checkinstall libsimage-dev

On your home directory create a build directory:

$ mkdir freecad-build

To build frecad source code:

$ cd freecad-build
$ cmake ../[LOCATION_OF_SOURCE]/free-cad-code
$ make -j8

To run it go to freecad-build/bin and execute FreeCAD:

$ cd ~/freecad-build/bin
$ ./FreeCAD

How-tos, Linux, Tools

Building aircrack-ng on Debian Stretch from source

August 15, 2017 d h

In order to build aircrack-ng from source you need the following dependencies:

# apt install pkg-config build-essential libssl-dev subversion git checkinstall
# apt install libgcrypt20-dev
# apt install sqlite3-pcre libsqlite3-dev libpcre3-dev
# apt install ethtool rfkill
# apt install libnl-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev

Get the source with:
$ svn co http://svn.aircrack-ng.org/trunk aircrack-ng

Start the build with:
$ make sqlite=true pcre=true gcrypt=true

After a successful build, install with:
# checkinstall —fstrans=no

To remove use aircrack-ng:
# dpkg -r aircrack

To update airodump OUI file:

# airodump-ng-oui-update

How-tos, Linux

Installing xrdp 9.3 and xorgxrdp 2.3 on Debian Jessie (or Stretch)

August 8, 2017 d h

This how-to is based on the install instructions from XRDP’s github pages for installing on Debian 8.

Install xrdp’s dependencies:

Get the xrdp and xorgxrdp sources:

$ mkdir -p GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ wget https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/download/v0.9.3/xrdp-0.9.3.tar.gz $ wget https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xorgxrdp/releases/download/v0.2.3/xorgxrdp-0.2.3.tar.gz

Building and installing xrdp:

$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ tar xvfz xrdp-0.9.3.tar.gz $ cd xrdp-0.9.3 $ ./bootstrap $ ./configure --enable-fuse --enable-mp3lame --enable-pixman --enable-sound $ make -j2 $ sudo make install $ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/xrdp{,-sesman} /usr/sbin

Building and installing xorgxrdp:

$ cd GIT-sources/neutrinolabs $ tar xvfz xorgxrdp-0.2.3.tar.gz $ cd xorgxrdp-0.2.3 $ ./bootstrap $ ./configure $ make -j2 $ sudo make install

Generate keys:

$ sudo xrdp-keygen xrdp auto 2048

Building the pulseaudio modules:

$ cd ~ $ mkdir -p Release-sources/pulseaudio $ cd Release-sources/pulseaudio $ sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev $ sudo apt-get source pulseaudio $ sudo apt-get build-dep pulseaudio

Change the permisions on the pulseaudio directory to your user:

$ sudo chown -R [USER]:[GROUP] pulseaudio-10.0 $ cd pulseaudio-10.0 $ ./configure

In change directory to “~/GIT-sources/neutrinolabs/xrdp-0.9.3/sesman/chansrv/pulse”

$ cd ~/GIT-sources/neutrinolabs/xrdp-0.9.3/sesman/chansrv/pulse

Edit the Makefile with your favorite editor and point it to the sources for pulseaudio by changing:

PULSE_DIR = /tmp/pulseaudio-10.0

to:

PULSE_DIR = ../../../../../../Release-sources/pulseaudio/pulseaudio-10.0

then:

$ make -j2

If the build is successful , copy the 2 modules to /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules.

$ sudo cp module-xrdp*.so /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules

Check the /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules directory:

$ ls -al /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules

If necessary, fix the ownership and permissions on the two modules:

$ cd /usr/lib/pulse-10.0/modules
$ sudo chown root:root module-xrdp-s*.so
$ sudo chmod 644 module-xrdp-s*.so

The modules are named module-xrdp-sink.so and module-xrdp-source.so

Enable the services:

$ sudo systemctl enable xrdp.service $ sudo systemctl enable xrdp-sesman.service

Fixes for possible issues:

To run it as terminal server (also useful for Guacamole) add allowed_users=anybody to /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config to allow anybody to start X

To fix the thinclient_drives share error when connected via RDP to the client:

$ sudo umount thinclient_drives

logout and re-login via rdp